Cambridge Journal of Economics Advance Access originally published online on November 18, 2008
Cambridge Journal of Economics 2009 33(2):335-355; doi:10.1093/cje/ben041
At the origin of the industrial district: Alfred Marshall and the Cambridge school
* University of Padova, Italy
Address for correspondence: Katia Caldari, Department of Economics and Management, University of Padova, n.33, 35123 Italy; email: katia.caldari{at}unipd.it
This paper investigates the origin and evolution of the concept of the industrial district. The idea of industrial district is quite widespread in modern industrial economics and in business studies, with a variety of meanings and typologies. Indeed the real original conceptualisation dates back to Alfred Marshall and the economists of the so-called Cambridge school. Quite often the concept of industrial district is considered as synonymous with agglomeration, localisation and clustering. But, according to the meaning given originally by Marshall, these processes of industry territorialisation are quite different from the more compound localisation that is the Marshallian industrial district. Therefore, the aim of our contribution is focused on disentangling its original meaning from other subsequent interpretations, referring particularly to the debate on this subject that arose among the economists of the Cambridge School.
Key Words: Industrial district Cambridge school External economies Agglomeration
JEL classifications: B0, L11, R12, O14, O18
Manuscript received October 14, 2007; final version received October 10, 2008.