Cambridge Journal of Economics Advance Access originally published online on December 10, 2008
Cambridge Journal of Economics 2009 33(5):1023-1046; doi:10.1093/cje/ben045
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This article appears in the following Cambridge Journal of Economics issue: Special focus: Moral Economy and Development Economics [View the issue table of contents]
Aggregate capital productivity in the US economy, 1964–2001
* School of Business and Management, University of London, UK
Address for correspondence: School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; email: s.mohun{at}qmul.ac.uk
In the decomposition of the US macroeconomic pre-tax rate of profit as the product of profit share and capital productivity, this paper considers the role of capital productivity over the period 1964–2001. The primary finding is that prior to 1982 capital productivity fell because capital deepening proceeded faster than labour productivity growth, whereas from 1982 to 1997 the opposite occured. If, prior to 1982, the US economy was characterised by Marx-biased technical progress, what requires explanation is why labour productivity continued to grow after 1982 in the absence of sufficient capital deepening. The paper explores various hypotheses, contrasts neoclassical and classical notions of technical change, and investigates the robustness of its results to the productive–unproductive distinction and to accounting for changes in capacity utilisation.
Key Words: Capital productivity Labour productivity Productive labour Unproductive labour Rate of profit
JEL classifcations: E11, O47, O51
Manuscript received April 1, 2005; final version received June 10, 2008.