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Value creation in the production of services: a note on Marx

Monash University
Abstract
Marx argued that value-creating (productive) labour was labour exchanged against capital, i.e., employed as wage labour. Thus capitalist services could create surplus value. But he saw capitalist services as insignificant, and in relation to the finance sector argued that because value was created only in production and never in realisation, commercial services were unproductive. Thus Marx predicted that the role of commercial-financial capital would decline vis à vis industrial capital. While he forecast both the growth of the public sector and the later policies of marked sation, he failed to anticipate the future growth of the finance sector. Nevertheless, the discussion of commercial capital in Chapter 17, Volume III of Capital was contradictory and unfinished. By amending Marx to account for the role of commercial businesses as productive capitals in their own right, as well as facilitators of value created elsewhere, a more convincing picture emerges.
Manuscript received January 24, 1992; final version received September 17, 1997.